Figure 4.1
The Amsterdamse Poort, Haarlem city gate, dating from 1335.
by Christopher Lewis Cotrell 2005
Figure 4.2
The Broederpoort, Kampen city gate, dating from c.1460.
by 'Brizio 2007
Figure 4.3
The Ezelpoort, Bruges city gate, dating from 1297, rebuilt 1367-1368.
by Erf-goed.be 2008
Figure 4.4
Landscape at Schipol
"Whenever I return to The Netherlands by airplane, I delight in seeing the narrow grid of meadows and irrigation diteches come into view as the plane descends through the inevitable layer of clouds (their density, of course, being always changeable). Below me lies a country in which there is complete order - where the relationship between water and land, house and country road and city, and open and enclosed space is etched into the precise lines of the irrigation ditches, the meadows, the rows of houses, and the patches of green captured between them. It is a place in which every space has been negotiated and thus everything has its place" (Betsky and Eeuwens 2004, 266).
by Wenzday 2007
Figure 4.5
Re-created town canal-scape, Zuiderzeemuseum. On the left bank the trees are pollarded in the style of Enkhuizen, on the right bank, Staveren in Frisia is the model: the canal is separate from the road by 'over gardens', used to bleach linen, and trees (apart from the one on the corner) are cut back so that their leaves will not fall on the linen (Bakker et al 1994, 69-72).
Phillip Capper 2002
Figure 4.6
Gemeenlandshuis/Huyterhuis (Hall of the (water)Board of Delfland), Delft from 1645 (built as a private house 1505). The building contains an extensive collection of maps, and externally the shields of the board members (painted by Pieter Post, 1642) link to places in the surrounding town and countryside.
by Andrew3000 2007
Figure 4.7
Jezuďeten Speelhuis Jesuit retreat/garden house, Egenhovenbos, Oost-Brabant, Belgium.
Garden houses were associated with scientific research and literary endeavors.
Maarten Jansen, 2006
Figure 4.8
The Amsterdam headquaters of the Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VoC) - the United East-Indies Company.
Aaron Tyo-Dickerson 2007
Figure 4.9
Ostentatious still life with dog and parrot David de Coninck, painted in Antwerp or Brussels late 1600s.
Exotic fruits and bird, are complimented by a more homely dog: there are further layers of meaning available in the specific fruit and animals.
(c) Museum Bredius
Figure 4.10
Amsterdam headquarters of the Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie (GWC) or West-Indische Compagnie (WIC) - the Dutch West India Company.
(some rights reserved) S Sepp 2007
Figure 4.11
Second from the left is the Amsterdam headquarters of the Sociëteit van Surinam (the Surinam Society). The buiding was later taken over by the WIC.
1908 Engraving
Figure 4.12
Ruins of the Sugar Mill, Reef Bay Plantation, St. Johns, American Virgin Islands. The ethnicity of the builders and financers of this particular mill is not known: at the time Danes and Dutch were both establishing plantations in the Danish West Indies.
CORunner 2007
Figure 4.13
Sint Elisabethsvloed 1421 Meester van het Sint Elisabethspaneel, c. 1470. Note the waters breaking the dyke at top left.
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Figure 4.14
Stolpboerderij (model, Madurodam), a type of farm used particularly in Noord Holland. The building provides accommodation for farmer and cattle, with a large hay-loft in the pyramidical roof.
Pieter1, 2006
Figure 4.15
Print showing the courtyard of the Antwerp bourse (stock exchange) before its destruction by fire in the 19th century.
Wood engraving. Dated 1858.
Figure 4.16
De vogelverkoper (The Birdseller), Gabriel Metsu, 1662.
Painting depicting (at one level) a woman buying fowl.
Figure 4.17
Catholic Schuilkerk (hidden church) "Ons' Lieve Heer op Solder" (Our Beloved Lord in the Attic) in Amsterdam.
(c) Amsterdam Municipal Department for the Preservation and Restoration of Historic Buildings and Sites (bMA).
Figure 4.18
Alkmaar Synagogue.
The house of the explorer and cartographer Cornelis Drebbel (1572-1633) was purchased by the Jewish Congregation in 1808. It was refacaded in 1826, with a neoclassical facade, barrel vaulting with a Star of David, a women’s gallery, and an extension in the back for the Ark. The congregation was deported in 1942, and few returned. In 1952 the building was purchased and restored by the Baptist Church. A new Jewish congregation is currently working to buy back and reestablish the synagogue.
Jim Forest 2006
Figure 4.19
Remonstrant Schuilkerk (hidden church), Alkmaar. The church was built in 1658, on the site of a wooden granary, already used for Remonstrant worship. The gateway and ornate ironwork was erected in 1728.
(c) Gemeente Alkmaar.
Figure 4.20
Mennonite Schuilkerk (hidden church).
Travis Poling 2006
Map 4.1
Map showing world-wide distribution of buildings using short wall anchors.
Map 4.3
Map showing the different language communities in the Low countries
L1 Limburgish
L2 Letzburgish
R Ripuarian
There is a major division between the Romance language French to the South West, and the Germanic languages to the North and East. Secondary Divisions exist between the Danish (Scandiavian), English, German, Dutch and Saxon areas.
Base map is The Times Ethnographic map of Europe, 1895, from the David Rumsey Historical Map Collection.
Images copyright © 2000 by Cartography Associates.
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Animation 4.1
Animated map showing world distribution of buildings using the short wall anchor construction technique.
Animation 4.2
Animated map showing distribution of the earliest buildings using the short wall anchor construction technique.
Buildings which have not been dated have been given the 'start' date of 2000.